https://repo.nzsee.org.nz/xmlui/handle/nzsee/2536 2023 Sun, 19 Apr 2026 01:21:04 GMT 2026-04-19T01:21:04Z http://https://repo.nzsee.org.nz:8080/bitstream/id/31f80d33-fcee-4299-b5cd-bda859e6aa8c/ https://repo.nzsee.org.nz/xmlui/handle/nzsee/2536 https://repo.nzsee.org.nz/xmlui/handle/nzsee/2646 Three-dimensional numerical simulation of tsunami-borne debris-loads on bridges Buckle, Ian; Hasanpour, Anis; Istrati, Denis Tsunamis are natural disasters that sometimes follow large-magnitude offshore earthquakes and cause significant damage to coastal bridges. In addition to the destructive power of the tsunami bore, shipping containers and other debris carried by the bore, increase the potential for catastrophic damage. To better understand and mitigate the effects of tsunami-borne debris, it is important to have insight into the hydrodynamic and structural processes involved when a bore carrying debris impacts a bridge. This insight may be gained from experimental modelling in a laboratory flume, but few flumes world-wide are adequately equipped and those experiments that have been conducted have not been related to bridges. Alternatively, it may be achieved by numerical modelling. This paper describes the application of a numerical technique based on smoothed-particle hydrodynamics coupled with finite element structural models (SPH-FEM) to investigate fluid-debris-bridge interaction during a tsunami. The technique is first validated against data from those experiments that have been conducted, and then used to undertake a three-dimensional parameter study to determine impact forces with and without debris in the water. Parameters studied include strength of bore, initial water level, bridge elevation, and debris mass. In some cases, the debris moves over the bridge, in other cases below the bridge, while occasionally it becomes trapped under the offshore overhang. It was found that the presence of the debris significantly increased the total applied loading on the bridge, with the mean horizontal and vertical impact forces being 4.2 and 2.6 times larger, respectively, compared to cases without debris. Wed, 19 Apr 2023 00:00:00 GMT https://repo.nzsee.org.nz/xmlui/handle/nzsee/2646 2023-04-19T00:00:00Z https://repo.nzsee.org.nz/xmlui/handle/nzsee/2645 Multistage Friction Connections Chanchi Golondrino, Jose Christian; MacRae, Gregory; Coral Potosi, Hugo Anderson Multistage friction connections (MFCs) are bolted connections for dissipating seismic energy while reducing peak displacements and encouraging recentring. MFCs comprise two symmetric friction connections co-linearly assembled. Each friction connection dissipates energy by sliding a slotted plate on high hardness shims placed either side of the slotted plate. One of these friction connections is assembled with fewer bolts than the other; thus, the MFCs ends are termed the weak and strong ends. MFCs have been recently proposed. However, to date, no experimental validation is available. This paper describes the assembly, sliding mechanism, and applications of MFCs in steel frames. Monotonic testing was undertaken on 3 MFCs assembled with tempered steel shims (hardness = 500BH), A36 steel slotted plates (Fy = 250MPa, Fu = 325MPa), and A325 bolts (Fy = 635MPa, Fu = 835MPa). Results show the MFCs force-displacement curve has two force steps representing the sliding of the slotted plate at the weak and strong ends. The ratio between these two forces, is the ratio between the number of bolts at the MFCs ends. The initial stiffness is steep and corresponds to the MFC axial stiffness without sliding. The second stiffness is less than the initial due to the combined action of the initial stiffness, and the bolt bending stiffness at the MFC weak end and resulting from bearing between the bolt and the slotted plate. These experimental results were used for proposing a simple model for the MFCs monotonic force-displacement curve. Wed, 19 Apr 2023 00:00:00 GMT https://repo.nzsee.org.nz/xmlui/handle/nzsee/2645 2023-04-19T00:00:00Z https://repo.nzsee.org.nz/xmlui/handle/nzsee/2644 Meet EDDIE – QuakeCoRE’s new earthquake test dummy Vinnell, Lauren; Johnston, David; Hogan, Lucas; Stephens, Max; Horspool, Nick Until recently there has been limited understanding of the relationship between behaviour during earthquake shaking and risk of injury. Studying human behaviour during shaking is important, however, because with a better understanding of the actions that put people at risk, and the contexts within which these actions occur, we can explore how to enhance safety (including via engineering solutions, or the promotion of life safety actions such as Drop, Cover and Hold). A new research direction will be the introduction of a new partner: EDDIE (Earthquake Dummy for Debris Impact Experiment). Crash test dummies or Anthromorphic Test Devices (ATD) have long been used in the automobile sector to determine the risk of injury and death from vehicle accidents. ATDs can be used to estimate the human kinematics and injury potential for different impact forces. Wed, 19 Apr 2023 00:00:00 GMT https://repo.nzsee.org.nz/xmlui/handle/nzsee/2644 2023-04-19T00:00:00Z https://repo.nzsee.org.nz/xmlui/handle/nzsee/2643 Enhancing earthquake and tsunami preparedness and response in Kura Kaupapa Māori/Schools in Tairāwhiti and Waiāriki, Aotearoa New Zealand Tapuke, Kelvin; Kaiser, Lucy; Johnston, David; McCombe, Georgia; Becker, Julia Aotearoa New Zealand is exposed to numerous potentially damaging impacts from various hazard events. The east coast of the North Island, one of the most active seismic regions in New Zealand, faces significant earthquake and tsunami risk. Given the variety of hazards the regions face, how risks are managed within schools needs to be considered. This research aims to understand the challenges and opportunities for enhancing earthquake and tsunami preparedness and response in Te Tairāwhiti/Waiāriki Kura Kaupapa Māori/ Schools. Seven schools were visited from Gisborne to Torere in September 2022. Information was collected from a hui with school staff. Topics included tsunami zones, evacuation practice, resources for teachers, planning at home, school response plans, stakeholder involvement, and capability development. There are two dominant languages in the East Coast region, Te Reo o te Tairāwhiti and English. Formalities and prestige are conducted in Te Reo o te Tairāwhiti. Te Reo o te Tairāwhiti and tikanga (protocols) o te Tairāwhiti go in unison. The uniqueness of the Tairāwhiti language and protocols promote action and a stronger response to an event. A forwarded work programme was discussed, with the co-development of plan for maps and signage, care packs, and other community-based activities in 2023 and 2024. Ideas around each will be outlined in this paper. Wed, 19 Apr 2023 00:00:00 GMT https://repo.nzsee.org.nz/xmlui/handle/nzsee/2643 2023-04-19T00:00:00Z